3-D flapping mechanism

The 3-D flapping mechanism consists of two wings. Each of the wing is driven by three computer controlled stepper motors through gearbox, timing belts and coaxial drive shafts. The motors control wing flapping, promotion and remotion as well as twisting motion to mimic the full motion of insect wings. Sensor is installed at the base of one wing to allow unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments to be measured directly.